Akbar Nasrollahi Kasmani; Farzaneh Sharifi
Abstract
After the September 11th incident, a widespread wave of media outlets in the world created to misrepresent the East and Muslims. Meanwhile, digital games were among the media that by entering in a new era of representation, introduced the East as other to the audiences around the world. The main issue ...
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After the September 11th incident, a widespread wave of media outlets in the world created to misrepresent the East and Muslims. Meanwhile, digital games were among the media that by entering in a new era of representation, introduced the East as other to the audiences around the world. The main issue of the current research is that how the East as a subject is represented in the games. Hence, we analyzed the most important representational games of the East which were based on a real narrative of the wars happened in the past two decades in the Middle East to portray the way of East representation. Considering the research issue, this study seeks to answer the question that what features of the East have been targeted in the most important American games which representing the East?For this purpose, the selected games were played continuously for 120 hours, while the video was captured during the playing. Using the Qualitative Content Analysis method (sequence, character, music, dialogue, etc. analysis), three units of Call of Duty series entitled "Modern Warfare", "Modern Warfare 2" and "Modern Warfare 3" were analyzed and the most important methods of representing the East with its features were extracted. We found that the game developers have used different ways to represent the East, particularly the Islamic countries as a negative subject. These are: 1.Political-military misrepresentations, 2.Cultural misrepresentations, 3.Religious misrepresentations (Islamophobia), 4.Race misrepresentations, 5.Cultural dominance over the East, and 6. Political-military dominance over the East.
HADI Akborzi Davati; Akbar Nasrollahi Kasmani; Aliakbar Farhangi
Abstract
Identifying probable scenarios of national news media is important through key trends and uncertainties. In this research, using Delphi method and analyzing experts' opinions, among 30 main trends in three areas of technological change, audience changes and content changes were identified key news uncertainty ...
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Identifying probable scenarios of national news media is important through key trends and uncertainties. In this research, using Delphi method and analyzing experts' opinions, among 30 main trends in three areas of technological change, audience changes and content changes were identified key news uncertainty in the next 5 years. Following the selection of key factors, using the experts' comments, the interaction effects matrix was drawn for these key uncertainties. Finally, using the technique of interactive effects analysis in Scenario-wizard software and were identified, , 64 scenarios. 4 scenarios of these scenarios were identified with High compatibility .according to their characteristics, were named titles of News Domination, News Gap , news Shock, and news Inflation.by analyzing the indicators derived from the Scenario Wizard software one scenario is selected a desirable scenario . This scenario is News domination.In this scenario, the possibility of widespread broadcasting of audio and images in digital and analogue space makes the IRIB more domination in the news space and media streaming by providing various interpretations and analyzing.
